How to Grow Cardamom
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Why should you grow cardamom?
People use cardamom to flavor stews, casseroles, and other liquid-based dishes, and you can grow it in your garden.
These are my main reasons to grow it:
- Freshness and Flavor: Freshly harvested cardamom pods have superior flavor and aroma than cardamom from the store.
- Decorative Value: Cardamom plants have lush foliage and attractive pods; the leaves are vibrant green.
- Exotic and Different: Cardamom is popular in India and Southeast Asia, but not so much here in the West.
Cardamom in Landscaping
Cardamom Plants on a Slope
If you plant cardamom in your garden, choose a warm, sheltered site with free-draining soil.
Here are some ways you can employ cardamom in landscaping:
- As a tree: Cardamom can grow into a short tree, reaching up to 10 feet or roughly 3 meters tall. You can use it to add vertical interest to landscaping designs and provide structure to garden beds.
- Foliage: Cardamom plants have attractive, lush foliage with large, lance-shaped leaves. These leaves add a tropical feel to landscaping designs and provide a rich green backdrop.
- Texture and Contrast: The broad leaves of cardamom plants create texture and contrast when mixed with other foliage types in landscaping beds or borders.
- In a container: This is an excellent option for small gardens or balconies. You can also place containers on patios or decks to add greenery and fragrance to outdoor living spaces.
Here are 10 of the most famous Cardamom varietals
The Three Main Types of Cardamom Pods: White, Black/Brown and Green, the most Common
Cardamom pods are green, white or brown/black.
- Green Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum): The most common and widely cultivated variety, known for its intense aroma and flavor. Green cardamom pods are harvested before maturity, offering a fresh, slightly sweet taste with hints of citrus and mint.
- Black Cardamom (Amomum subulatum): Also called “brown cardamom” or “large cardamom,” this variety has bigger, dark brown pods with a smoky, robust flavor. It is best for savory dishes, with its deep, earthy taste and aroma.
- White Cardamom: This cardamom is essentially a green cardamom bleached to obtain a lighter color. White cardamom has a milder flavor than its green counterpart, which people use in dishes with a milder flavor.
- Thai Cardamom (Amomum krervanh): Native to Thailand, this variety is known for its strong, spicy aroma and bold flavor. Thai cardamom is common in Thai cuisine, particularly in curry pastes and meat dishes.
- Java Cardamom (Amomum compactum): Grown primarily in Indonesia, Java cardamom has a distinctively sweet and floral aroma. It is prized for its use in perfumery and is also used to flavor beverages and desserts.
- Nepal Cardamom (Amomum subulatum var. Nepalense): Similar to black cardamom but with a slightly different flavor profile, Nepal cardamom has a strong, smoky taste with hints of camphor and resin. It is popular in traditional Nepali and Indian cooking.
- Madagascar Cardamom (Amomum angustifolium): Native to Madagascar, this variety has narrow, elongated pods with a unique flavor profile. Madagascar cardamom offers a blend of spicy, citrusy, and floral notes, making it versatile for sweet and savory dishes.
- Guatemala Cardamom (Amomum globosum): Indigenous to Guatemala, this variety is known for its bold, spicy flavor and rich aroma.
- Siam Cardamom (Amomum krervanh): Similar to Thai cardamom, Siam cardamom is native to Southeast Asia, and people like it for its robust, aromatic qualities. It has a bold, peppery flavor with citrus undertones prevalent in Thai and Cambodian cuisine.
- Ceylon Cardamom (Amomum subulatum var. Ceylonense): Native to Sri Lanka (formerly Ceylon), it has delicate aroma and subtle flavor. Ceylon cardamom pods are smaller and more slender than other varieties.
7 steps to grow Cardamom in Containers
Cardamom Plant in a Container
- Select a Suitable Container: Choose a large container with generous drainage holes. The pot should be at least 18 inches (45 cm) in diameter and depth.
- Choose the Adequate Potting Mix: Use a well-draining soil mixture with similar portions of high-quality potting soil, perlite, and compost.
- Planting: Place the container in a location that receives spotty sunlight or partial shade throughout the day. Plant one cardamom rhizome horizontally with the growing tips facing upward, and cover it with a thin layer of soil.
- Watering: Maintain the soil damp but not soggy, ensuring that excess water drains well.
- Provide Humidity: Cardamom plants thrive in humid environments. You can increase humidity by spraying the foliage with water regularly or placing a tray filled with water and gravel beneath the container.
- Fertilizing: Feed the cardamom plants regularly with a balanced liquid fertilizer. Always follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.
- Maintenance and Harvesting: Just like cardamom planted on the ground, watch the plants regularly for symptoms of pests, diseases, or lack of nutrients. As the cardamom plants mature, they will produce long, slender stems with lance-shaped leaves and clusters of small, aromatic flowers. Harvest the green cardamom pods when developed but still immature, about 3 to 4 months after flowering. Pluck the pods gently from the plant and dry them in a well-ventilated area until they are crisp and fragrant.
7 steps to grow Cardamom in Gardens
Cardamom Plants
- Choose the Right Location: Cardamom plants like warm, humid environments with spotty sunlight or partial shade. Select a spot with indirect sunlight or partial shade throughout the day and protect it from strong winds.
- Prepare the Soil: Cardamom plants prefer well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter. Loosen the ground to a depth of 12 inches (roughly 30 cm) and add compost.
- Obtain Cardamom Rhizomes: People usually propagate cardamom from rhizomes or the division of existing plants. Obtain healthy cardamom rhizomes from a reputable nursery or garden center. Ensure the rhizomes are plump, firm, and free from signs of disease or damage.
- Planting: Plant the cardamom rhizomes in shallow holes or trenches, spacing them about 3 to 4 feet (90 to 120 cm) apart to allow room for development. Place the rhizomes horizontally in the soil with the growing tips facing upward, and cover them with a thin layer of soil.
- Watering: Maintain the soil damp but not soggy, as cardamom plants require regular watering. Water deeply whenever the top inch (2.5 cm) of soil is dry, during dry periods, or when the plant is flowering and fruiting.
- Mulching and Fertilizing: Spread a mulch coating about the plants’ base to help retain soil moisture, suppress weeds, and provide nutrients. Fertilize twice during the growing season.
- Maintenance and Harvesting: Watch the plants regularly for symptoms of pests, diseases, or lack of nutrients. As the cardamom plants mature, they will produce long, slender stems with lance-shaped leaves and clusters of small, aromatic flowers. Harvest the green cardamom pods when developed but still immature, about 3 to 4 months after flowering. Pluck the pods gently from the plant and dry them in a well-ventilated area until they are crisp and fragrant.
A Summary of 10 Tips for Growing Cardamom
Cardamom Plant
- Choose the Right Variety: There are two main types of cardamom: Elettaria cardamomum (green cardamom) and Amomum subulatum (black cardamom). Green cardamom is more common in cooking, while black cardamom has a smoky flavor.
- Optimal Growing Conditions: Cardamom thrives in tropical or subtropical climates with warm temperatures, high humidity, and mottled sunlight.
- Well-Draining Soil: Ensure good drainage to prevent root rot.
- Regular Watering: Maintain the soil consistently humid but not soggy.
- Provide Shade: Excessive direct sunlight can burn the leaves.
- Mulch: Spread a mulch coating about the plants’ base to maintain moisture and stop weeds.
- Fertilize Regularly: Use a balanced organic fertilizer during the growing season. Remember that too much fertilizer will promote foliage growth at the expense of fruit production.
- Maintain Humidity: Cardamom plants flourish in humid conditions. You can boost humidity by regularly sprinkling the foliage with water or placing a tray with water and gravel underneath the container.
- Pruning: Pruning dead or diseased leaves and branches facilitates air circulation and decreases the chance of pests and disease.
- Harvesting: Watch for long, slender stems with lance-shaped leaves and groups of little, fragrant flowers. Gather the green cardamom pods when developed but still immature, about 3 to 4 months after flowering. Pluck the pods gently from the plant and dry them in a well-ventilated area until they are crisp and aromatic.
Is cardamom safe for pets?
Cardamom contains essential oils and compounds that can cause digestive upset and irritation in dogs and cats if consumed excessively.
Symptoms of pet poisoning can include vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
Cardamom Plant
10 Great plants to place next to cardamom
Like cardamom,
Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
belongs to the Zingiberaceae family and flourishes in comparable growing conditions. Both plants enjoy partial shade and well-draining, fertile soil.
Ginger Plant
Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
is another member of the ginger family. It can create an attractive tropical garden when planted close to cardamom.
Turmeric Plant
Credit rds02 rds_skeldon
Banana plants (Musa spp.) can provide lush foliage and a tropical ambiance. It can help produce a microclimate that benefits both plants.
Banana Plant
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)
is a fragrant herb that complements the aromatic qualities of cardamom. It prospers in warm, sunny locations and well-draining soil.
Lemongrass in a Container
Mint (Mentha spp.)
varieties, such as spearmint or peppermint, can be attractive ground covers. Mint thrives in similar conditions to cardamom.
Mint Plant in a Container
Lavender (Lavandula spp.)
attracts pollinators that are helpful for cardamom and other plants. It needs full sun and well-draining soil.
Lavender plant hedge
Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)
is a tropical tree that shares similar growing conditions.
Cinnamon Fern
Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis)
is an evergreen shrub that shares growing conditions with cardamom.
Bay Leaves plant (Laurel)
Pineapple plants (Ananas comosus)
can create an exotic and visually appealing landscape.
Pineapple plant
Ferns:
Various types of ferns, such as Boston or maidenhair ferns, like the moist, shaded conditions preferred by cardamom. They add texture and lush greenery to the garden and complement the tropical atmosphere.
Ferns
Plants to avoid planting next to cardamom
Cardamom pods at the Base of the Plant Before they Ripen
- Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum): It attracts pests like aphids and spider mites.
- Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum): They can compete for space and nutrients.
- Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare): It produces some compounds that may inhibit cardamom’s growth.
- Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis): It can compete for space and attract pests like aphids and whiteflies.
- Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus): Because of their extensive root systems, they can compete with cardamom.
- Beans (Phaseolus spp.): Require many nutrients and will compete with cardamom.
- Chili Peppers (Capsicum spp.): Attract pests like aphids and whiteflies and will compete with cardamom for nutrients.
- Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) are susceptible to blight and can spread to cardamom.
- Dill (Anethum graveolens): Attracts aphids and caterpillars.
- Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis): Rosemary can be a beneficial companion plant for many plants, but its allelopathic effects can hinder the development of cardamom.
Other plants similar to cardamom
- Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
- Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum)
- Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
- Vanilla (Vanilla planifolia)
- Black Pepper (Piper nigrum)
Cardamom, compared to other popular plants and condiments
Cardamom Allegory
Credit Alberto Conde, Kitchen In The Med
Cardamom
- Growing conditions: Cardamom flourishes in warm, humid climates with spotted sunlight and well-draining soil.
- Characteristics: Cardamom has a warm, citrusy taste with floral undertones. The little green pods have a papery outer shell. People use it in curries, desserts, and beverages.
Lavender
- Growing conditions: Lavender prefers full sun and well-draining soil, prospering in Mediterranean-like conditions.
- Characteristics: Lavender has a floral, slightly sweet taste with hints of citrus and pine. People use it to infuse syrups, baking, or garnish desserts for its fragrant aroma.
Thyme
- Growing conditions: Thyme thrives in sunny areas with well-draining soil and is drought-tolerant.
- Characteristics: Thyme has an earthy, slightly peppery, and lemony taste, with little gray-green leaves. People use it in soups, stews, roasts, and marinades.
Rosemary
- Growing conditions: Rosemary likes full sun and well-draining soil, and it’s drought tolerant.
- Characteristics: Rosemary has a piney, resinous flavor with needle-like dark green leaves. It is popular in roasts, grilled meats, marinades, and bread.
Oregano
- Growing conditions: Oregano prospers in full sun with well-draining soil and is drought-tolerant.
- Characteristics: Oregano has a bold, intense, and scarcely bitter flavor with little green leaves and groups of white flowers. It’s a staple herb in Mediterranean cuisine, used in pizzas, pasta, salads, and marinades.
Basil
- Growing conditions: Basil favors warm, sunny locations with well-draining soil and prospers in Mediterranean climates.
- Characteristics: Basil has a sweet, peppery savor with large, tender leaves varying from green to purple. It’s very popular in Italian dishes, pesto, salads, and garnish.
Sage
- Growing conditions: Sage likes full sun and well-draining soil, and it’s drought tolerant.
- Characteristics: Sage has an earthy, peppery, and savory taste with fuzzy gray-green leaves. People use it in stuffing, poultry dishes, sauces, and roasted vegetables.
Black Pepper
- Growing conditions: Black pepper thrives in warm, humid climates with well-draining soil and requires support for its climbing vines.
- Characteristics: Black pepper has an intense, spicy, and slightly floral taste with little round berries that turn black when dried. It’s prevalent worldwide to add heat and depth to savory dishes.
Cardamom Allegory
Credit Alberto Conde, Kitchen In The Med
The 10 most frequently asked questions on growing cardamom
What are the ideal growing conditions for cardamom?
Cardamom flourishes in warm, humid climates with spotted sunlight and well-draining soil.
Can cardamom be grown indoors?
Cardamom can be grown indoors in containers with adequate light, warmth, and humidity. Provide a well-draining potting mixture and keep consistent moisture levels.
How long does it take for cardamom plants to mature and produce pods?
Cardamom plants take about two to three years to mature and produce pods.
What type of soil is best for growing cardamom?
Cardamom plants like well-draining, fertile soil rich in organic matter.
How often should cardamom plants be watered?
Cardamom plants favor moist soil, so water it when it is dry. Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.
What are the common pests and diseases that affect cardamom plants?
Aphids, spider mites, and thrips. Diseases like leaf spot and root rot usually appear during periods of high humidity or if the soil is soggy.
Is it possible to grow cardamom from seeds, or is propagation from rhizomes better?
Propagation from rhizomes is more straightforward and produces quicker and more dependable results.
Is cardamom easy to grow?
I think it is not compliocated, but keep in mind these points.
Grow it outdoors in USDA Hardiness Zones 10 to 12 as a perennial.
You can also grow it indoors. It needs a warm, humid environment.
When do cardamom plants start flowering?
Cardamom plants typically begin blooming in early spring until the end of summer. The flowers hold capsules or pods with 15 to 20 seeds inside.
How do you harvest cardamom pods?
Harvest cardamom pods before they split open and when the seeds inside are dark brown to black. The pods should twist off easily when they are ready to be picked.
Main Sources I used in This Article
ProQuest
Taylor & Francis Online
Critical Reviews in Microbiology, Volume 42
Science Direct
Advances in Agronomy, Volume 91
The Agronomy and Economy of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum M.): The “Queen of Spices”
Handbook of Herbs and Spices (Second edition)
Volume 1
Cardamom
Springer Link
Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, High-Tech and Micropropagation III
Micropropagation of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology – Plant
Micropropagation and slow growth conservation of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton)
North Carolina State university
North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
The Royal Horticultural Society
Ingenta Connect
Elsevier Insights (Physical Book)
Agronomy and Economy of Black Pepper and Cardamom, The “king” and “Queen” of Spices.
By: K.P. Prabhakaran Nair
First Edition 2011
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
The plants that feed the world
Baseline data and metrics to inform strategies for the conservation and use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture
